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The great ancient scholar Archimedes, who lived two centuries before the birth of Christ, still delights the world with his wisdom and insight. Greek scientist who owns the famous exclamation "Eureka!", Who discovered the fundamental laws of physics, built a celestial globe for astronomical observations, first measured the diameter of the Sun and calculated the circumference of the Earth, formulated the law of hydrostatics, laid the foundations of mathematics and algebra, and made a lot of witty inventions, known to everyone.
His merits in military affairs are also known. For example, the successful use of his military vehicles against the Roman fleet during the siege of Syracuse.
Or the way he set fire to enemy ships of the Roman squadron with the help of a system of mirrors, like Garin's hyperboloid.
Stop! Was it really? And if it was, then still how could this happen?
In 213 BC during the second Punic war that erupted between Rome and Carthage, the Roman Senate decided to immediately and decisively storm the allied Carthaginians of the city of Syracuse, located on the island of Sicily. After Hieron, power in Syracuse passed to his heir Hieronymus, who immediately joined Hannibal. Rome intended to finally solve the question of the winner in a fairly protracted campaign and seize Syracuse.
The talented and brutal commander Mark Claudius Marcellus was appointed to command the invasion forces, who made an incredible at first glance decision: to attack the city from the sea, where the defensive walls are low and overlook the very edge of the coast. He well remembered that the Athenians had at one time failed at the strong walls of this city, so he decided to attack from the Ionian Sea.
For the blockade of Syracuse, the Romans outfitted the 25,000th army and again increased the size of their fleet to 150 penters, of which 100 were to be rebuilt. Part of this fleet immediately went to Sicily, where the consul Marcellus detached 60 ships for the blockade of Syracuse.
The plans of the Romans and the approach of the enemy fleet in Syracuse were known. Together with the military leader Hippocrates, one of the most respected citizens of Syracuse, an inventor and a scientist, has already made residents happy with various useful "everyday" inventions. Archimedes is a convinced Hellenic in spirit and can not stand barbaric Rome, therefore he makes every effort to help his beloved city.
The Roman fleet received the order of Marcellus to clear the approaches to the walls with the help of archers, and then to fire at the nearest distance the walls themselves with heavy throwing machines to make a breach in them. In addition, Marcellus ordered to make something like a raft of eight ships tightly interconnected, on which a wooden tower was built, towering above the city walls.
However, the defenders managed to throw Roman ships approaching with high assault stairs with heavy stones, lead and iron and damage them so much that they were forced to retreat.
Plutarch maintains that Archimedes, with the help of his machines, with such precision, metal huge huge stones that they hit the intended target each time; smaller propelling machines built by him also acted with the same success. They say that heavy shells thrown at the ships beside the ships, equipped with hooks and ropes, with which the ships were attracted to the walls, were lifted upward by the bow or stern, and then fell sharply, causing them serious damage.
There are also references to the successful use by Archimedes of some kind of incendiary mirrors. However, in fairness it should be noted that neither Polybius, nor Livy, nor Plutarch in the description of the siege of Syracuse by the Romans say anything about the use of heat weapons.
Only the Greek writer Lucian in the 2nd century A.D. gives interesting information, which subsequently joyfully seized by scientists, philosophers and even artists of the Renaissance.

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Allows applications to open network sockets.
Allows an application to read from external storage.
Allows an application to write to external storage.
Allows applications to access information about networks.
Allows using PowerManager WakeLocks to keep processor from sleeping or screen from dimming.