About this app
For almost 60 years, the topic of military cooperation between Finland and Estonia between the two world wars has been shrouded in a veil of strict secrecy. Only very recently, the Finnish historian Jari Leskinen discovered new documents in the declassified funds of the Estonian State Archive that shed light on secret communications between the military departments of the two states directed against the USSR. Documents from the formerly secret archives of the former Soviet Union also provide information about the country's serious attitude towards the Finnish-Estonian alliance directed against it, the purpose of which was to lock the Soviet fleet in the Gulf of Finland. The Finnish military leadership believed that close military cooperation with Estonia would significantly strengthen Finland’s security in front of the eastern great power.
The military departments of both Baltic states never believed that the Soviet Union would ever reconcile with the peace treaty concluded in Tartu in 1920, to which Soviet Russia was forced by circumstances that were not in its favor. Based on the premise that the USSR would supposedly never be able to reconcile with the loss of Finland and the Baltic countries that once belonged to the Russian Empire, the general headquarters of both Estonia and Finland made general defense plans against the Red Army. The turning point in the defense policy of Finland was 1925, when young Jäger officers trained in Germany pushed the older generation officers who had previously served in Russia from the leadership of the armed forces. At the time of the latter, Finland’s military plans were predominantly defensive in nature, but the young Jaeger officers who stood at the helm of the General Staff under the leadership of the new Chief of General Staff, Colonel Kurt Martli Wallenius, first began to draw up new plans focusing on the offensive.
To repulse these imaginary threats, a large-scale offensive was planned at the General Staff of Finland through the Karelian Isthmus to Leningrad and the main base of the Soviet Baltic Fleet, Kronstadt, if the Soviet Union attacked Finland and Estonia at the same time. In a memo prepared by the General Staff’s operations department in late 1930, it was noted that "both the military-political and strategic conditions require interaction with border states in this case. Any deterioration in the situation here will also weaken the strategic position in Finland ... We should try to conduct military operations in such a way as to alleviate the situation on the southern side of the Gulf of Finland. This requires a powerful offensive from Finland to Leningrad and the base of the Baltic Fleet. Only in this way will it be possible to help the plight of Estonia and Latvia. In the worst case, hardly any other help will be in time ... The task of Finland, from the military-political point of view, will be to help Estonia and Latvia by linking as large Russian forces as possible. "
In the same memo, it was suggested that the Finnish troops "boldly concentrate all the forces that can only be allocated in a decisive direction and try to break through to St. Petersburg, which will lead either to the capture of St. Petersburg and the destruction of the Baltic Fleet, or, more likely, to the regrouping of Russian forces "while the situation on the southern side of the Gulf of Finland can be saved at least for a short time."
In Finland, it was believed that plans to alleviate the martial law of Estonia implied accurate data on the country's military resources. It is noteworthy that the Estonian military leadership transmitted to the Finns all the requested top secret information about the country's readiness for defense.
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