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Mesothelioma begins in the cells of the mesothelium. A cancerous (malignant) tumor is a mass of cancer cells that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues. It can also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.

The mesothelium is a membrane that covers and protects most internal organs. It is formed of 2 layers. The inner layer covers different organs, including the lungs, heart and stomach. The outer layer forms a bag that surrounds the inner layer. There is a little liquid between the two layers, which facilitates the movement of organs.

The mesothelium has different names depending on where in the body it is. The mesothelium that forms a protective cushion around the lungs is called the pleura. The inner layer, which covers the lungs, is called visceral pleura. The outer layer, which lines the inner wall of the thorax, is called parietal pleura.

The mesothelium that covers the abdominal organs and lines the walls of the abdomen and pelvis is called the peritoneum. The inner layer, which envelops and supports most internal abdominal organs, is called visceral peritoneum. The outer layer, which lines the walls of the abdomen and pelvis, is called parietal peritoneum.

The mesothelium is formed of mesothelial cells. These cells sometimes undergo changes that make their growth pattern or behavior abnormal. These changes may result in the formation of non-cancerous (benign) tumors, such as fibrous tumors of the pleura and mesothelioma multi-cystic. However, in some cases, changes in mesothelial cells may result in malignant mesothelioma.

Mesothelioma is a very rare type of cancer. It usually appears in the pleura. In this case, it is called pleural mesothelioma. This type of cancer accounts for 70 to 80% of all mesothelioma cases. Mesothelioma can also originate in the peritoneum; it is then called peritoneal mesothelioma. This type of cancer accounts for about 25% of all mesothelioma cases.

Rare types of mesothelioma can also manifest themselves. One of them is pericardial mesothelioma, which occurs in the membrane surrounding the heart (pericardium). Another rare type is mesothelioma of the vaginal tunic, which appears in the outer lining of the testes.

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